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	<title>Jo Abbess &#187; Renewable Resource</title>
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	<description>Energy Change for Climate Control</description>
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		<title>The UK&#8217;s Energy Crisis</title>
		<link>http://www.joabbess.com/2012/01/20/the-uks-energy-crisis/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joabbess.com/2012/01/20/the-uks-energy-crisis/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jan 2012 16:24:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.joabbess.com/?p=12851</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[What annoys me most about the Solar Power Feed-in Tariff saga is not that the UK Government suddenly pulled the plug on the full rate for household-sized systems, or that they set the cut-off date before they finished their consultation, or even that that the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) dragged out a [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What annoys me most about the Solar Power Feed-in Tariff saga is not that the UK Government suddenly pulled the plug on the full rate for household-sized systems, or that they set the cut-off date before they finished their consultation, or even that that the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) dragged out a legal appeal process.</p>
<p>Despite the truly pitiful sight of a Minister of State being sent out to bat with a miniaturised teaspoon to defend the indefensible decision, and despite the energy industry stooges that have placements inside DECC and are clearly affecting policy, no, the thing that really gets me is the focus on budgets instead of targets.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s a summary from the Government&#8217;s own &#8220;long term trend&#8221; figures for energy consumption in Great Britain :-</p>
<p><A HREF="http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/publications/dukes/dukes.aspx"><IMG SRC="http://www.changecollege.org.uk/img/Longtermtrends_Primary.png" WIDTH="650" /></A></p>
<p>Nobody can swear to me that the last few years are not just a glitch caused by economic instabilities, and that the re-localisation of manufacture in future in a recovering economy will not push this demand continually higher according to the trendline.</p>
<p>What are we using to supply this energy ? Here&#8217;s a summary :-</p>
<p><A HREF="http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/publications/dukes/dukes.aspx"><IMG SRC="http://www.changecollege.org.uk/img/Longtermtrends_Energy.png" WIDTH="650" /></A></p>
<p>Despite the near exponential rise in renewable energy, it&#8217;s starting from a small base. The increase in energy consumption is being satisfied by a sharp rise in the supply of Natural Gas &#8211; something which the UK is producing increasingly less of these days. And for those who think that shale gas production would help, no, only a few percent of demand could be satisfied. This is an import-led energy supply, and the trend should ring alarm bells, but clearly doesn&#8217;t even tickle the ears of the average person in the street.</p>
<p>Electricity demand growth remains healthy, despite problems with unreliable supply from nuclear electricity (refered to as &#8220;outages&#8221; in the DECC Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) reports) :-</p>
<p><A HREF="http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/publications/dukes/dukes.aspx"><IMG SRC="http://www.changecollege.org.uk/img/Longtermtrends_Electricity.png" WIDTH="650" /></A></p>
<p>Now, in the future, with an envisioned massive rise in renewable energy, higher electricity use would be reasonable, as long as other energy consumption reduced. But the growth in electricity consumption charted here is not people driving more electric cars or using electric heating instead of Natural Gas-fired comfort. This is higher consumption, pure and simple, not &#8220;energy switching&#8221; over to electricity.</p>
<p>As an aside &#8211; the sum total of these figures indicates that the nation as a whole is not engaged in significant energy conservation, despite decades of campaigning.</p>
<p>All these trends add up to a very slight loss in dependency on fossil fuels for the UK&#8217;s energy :-</p>
<p><A HREF="http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/publications/dukes/dukes.aspx"><IMG SRC="http://www.changecollege.org.uk/img/Longtermtrends_Dependency.png" WIDTH="650" /></A></p>
<p>This is the critical trend. North Sea oil and Natural Gas production is falling like a large rock, and no amount of technological advancement and re-stimulating the drilling sector is turning this around. This means that without a rapid decrease in fossil fuel dependency, the United Kingdom is going to start haemorrhaging wealth.</p>
<p>Goodbye, First World.</p>
<p>This is why is it essential to ramp up renewable energy deployment by whatever means at our disposal.</p>
<p>Greg Barker MP bleating about keeping to budgets is not helping.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
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		<title>Open Letter to Renewable Energy Deniers</title>
		<link>http://www.joabbess.com/2012/01/10/open-letter-to-renewable-energy-deniers/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joabbess.com/2012/01/10/open-letter-to-renewable-energy-deniers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Jan 2012 15:32:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Advancing Africa]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.joabbess.com/?p=12707</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[To all Renewable Energy Deniers, Things are getting so much better with renewable energy engineering and deployment &#8211; why do you continue to think it&#8217;s useless ? We admit that, at the start, energy conversion efficiencies were low, wind turbine noise was significant, kit was expensive. Not now. Wind and solar farms have been built, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To all Renewable Energy Deniers,</p>
<p>Things are getting so much better with renewable energy engineering and deployment &#8211; why do you continue to think it&#8217;s useless ?</p>
<p>We admit that, at the start, energy conversion efficiencies were low, wind turbine noise was significant, kit was expensive. Not now. Wind and solar farms have been built, data collected and research published. Design modifications have improved performance.</p>
<p>Modelling has helped integrate renewable energy into the grids. As renewable energy technologies have been deployed at scale, and improvements and adjustments have been made, and electricity grid networks have adapted to respond to the variable nature of the wind and the sunshine, we know, and we can show you, that renewable energy is working.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s not really clear what motivates you to dismiss renewable energy. Maybe it&#8217;s because you&#8217;re instinctively opposed to anything that looks like it comes from an &#8220;envionmentalist&#8221; perspective. </p>
<p>Maybe because renewable energy is mandated to mitigate against climate change, and you have a persistent view that climate change is a hoax. Why you mistrust the science on global warming when you accept the science on everything else is a continuing mystery to me. </p>
<p>But if that&#8217;s where you&#8217;re coming from when you scorn developments in renewable energy, you&#8217;re making a vital mistake. You see, renewable energy is sustainable energy. Despite any collapse in the globalised economy, or disruption to fossil fuel production, wind turbines will keep spinning, and solar panels will keep glowing.</p>
<p>Climate change has been hard to communicate effectively &#8211; it&#8217;s a huge volume of research, it frequently appears esoteric, or vague, or written by boffins with their heads in the clouds. Some very intelligent people are still not sure about the finer points of the effects of global warming, and so you&#8217;re keeping good company if you reserve judgement on some of the more fringe research.</p>
<p>But attacking renewable energy is your final stand. With evidence from the engineering, it is rapidly becoming clear that renewable energy works. The facts are proving you wrong. </p>
<p>And when people realise you&#8217;re wrong about renewable energy, they&#8217;ll never believe you again. They won&#8217;t listen to you when you express doubts about climate change, because you deny the facts of renewable energy.</p>
<p>Those poor fools who have been duped into thinking they are acting on behalf of the environment to campaign against wind farms ! Wind energy will be part of the backbone of the energy grids of the future. </p>
<p>We don&#8217;t want and we can&#8217;t afford the concrete bunkers of deadly radioactive kettles and their nasty waste. We don&#8217;t want and we can&#8217;t afford the slag heaps, dirty air and melting Arctic that comes from burning coal for power. We don&#8217;t want and we can&#8217;t afford to keep oil and Natural Gas producing countries sweet &#8211; or wage war against them to keep the taps open.</p>
<p>Instead we want tall and graceful spinners, their gentle arms waving electricity from the breeze. We want silent and dark photovoltaic cladding on every roof. </p>
<p>Burning things should only be done to cover for intermittency in wind and sunshine. Combustion is very inefficient, yet you support combustion when you oppose renewable energy. </p>
<p>We must fight waste in energy, and the rising cost of energy, and yet you don&#8217;t support the energy resources where there is no charge for fuel. Some would say that&#8217;s curmudgeonly.</p>
<p>When you oppose renewable energy, what is it you&#8217;re fighting for ? The old, inefficient and poisonous behemoths of coal hell ? We who support renewable, sustainable energy, we exchange clunky for sleek, toxic for clean. We provide light and comfort to all, rich and poor.</p>
<p>When you oppose renewable energy, you are being unbelievably gullible &#8211; you have swallowed an argument that can ruin our economy, by locking us into dependency on energy imports. You are passing up the chance to break our political obedience to other countries, all because wind turbines clutter up your panoramic view when you&#8217;re on holiday.</p>
<p>You can question the net energy gain from wind power, but the evidence shows you to be incorrect.</p>
<p>If you criticise the amount of investment and subsidy going into renewable energy, you clearly haven&#8217;t understood the net effect of incentivisation in new technology deployment.</p>
<p>Renewable energy has a positive Net Present Value. Wind turbines and solar panels are genuine assets, unlike the liabilities that are coal-fired power stations and nuclear reactors.</p>
<p>Renewable energy deployment will create meaningful, sustainable employment and is already creating wealth, not only in financial terms, but in social welfare terms too.</p>
<p>Renewable energy will save this country, so why do you knock it ?</p>
<p>Quizzically yours,</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
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		<title>Eco-Socialism #1 : Public Service, Private Profit</title>
		<link>http://www.joabbess.com/2012/01/08/eco-socialism-1-public-service-private-profit/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joabbess.com/2012/01/08/eco-socialism-1-public-service-private-profit/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Jan 2012 13:45:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Advancing Africa]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.joabbess.com/?p=12633</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Public infrastructure and utilities are the skeleton of the national economy; the spokes of the wheel; the walls of the house. Private corporations can in many cases put muscle on the body, a tyre on the bike, and furnish the rooms, but without the basic public provision, private enterprise cannot thrive. Without taxes being raised [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Public infrastructure and utilities are the skeleton of the national economy; the spokes of the wheel; the walls of the house. </p>
<p>Private corporations can in many cases put muscle on the body, a tyre on the bike, and furnish the rooms, but without the basic public provision, private enterprise cannot thrive.</p>
<p>Without taxes being raised &#8211; asking everybody for their appropriate contribution &#8211; there would be no guaranteed health service, education system, roads, water supplies, power networks.</p>
<p>Federal or central government spending is essential, and often goes without question or inspection &#8211; including subsidies, cheap government loans, tax breaks and even rule-bending and regulatory exemption for specific sectors of the economy. This policy lenience also applies to private companies that take on the provision of public utilities.</p>
<p>This explicit, but often glossed-over, support for public services means that private business can rely on this national infrastructure. Small businesses can rely on a power supply and waste disposal services, for example. Large businesses can rely on a functioning postal service and road network.</p>
<p>It is questionable whether for-profit enterprise would be able to survive without the basic taxation-funded provision of public services and utilities.</p>
<p>I can understand why governments feel the need to get public spending off the balance sheet, and outsource public utilities to the private sector. </p>
<p>There is a lingering belief that private enterprise makes public services more efficient; makes manufacturing more reliable; makes construction better quality.</p>
<p>In some cases, this belief in privatisation is justified. Where companies can genuinely compete with each other, there can be efficiencies at scale. However, the success of privatisation is not universal.</p>
<p>Many parts of a developed economy are monolithic &#8211; there is no real competition possible. You get electricity through your power socket from a variety of production companies &#8211; you cannot choose. The road between your house and your office is always the same road &#8211; you don&#8217;t choose between different tarmac suppliers. Your local hospital is your local hospital, regardless of who owns and runs it &#8211; you have no choice about who that is &#8211; and the government contract tendering process is not something open to a public vote.</p>
<p>Added to this lack of competition, in some cases, it is impossible to make a profit by operating a public service by a private concern.</p>
<p>There should be no rock under which private business can hide when it claims to be operating profitable train and bus services &#8211; without public subsidies, public transport cannot be run at a profit.</p>
<p>Liability for daily operations may have been outsourced to the British private train companies, but not the full cost of the services. Costs for locally-sourced services cannot be driven down because they cannot be made fully open to global competition.</p>
<p>By contrast, the globalisation of labour has been making manufacturing industry significantly cheaper for decades. </p>
<p>In order for globalised trade to work, finance has to be liberated from its nation-bound shackles, and so along with the globalisation of labour to nations where it&#8217;s cheapest, there has been the globalisation of finance, to the tax regimes less punitive.</p>
<p>The globalisation of trade is a two-way bargain between those that want to see the development of primitive economies and those who want to create wealth for their companies and their shareholders.</p>
<p>Globalisation has created a booming China, for example, and filled the pockets of any Western company that imports from China. </p>
<p>However, the tide of globalisation has reached the shore, and the power of the waves is being stilled by solid earth realities. Labour costs in previously under-developed economies are starting to rise significantly, as those economies start to operate internal markets as well as maintain export-led growth.</p>
<p>It could soon be cheaper to have manufacturing labour in the United States of America than China. But when that happens a curious problem will arise. Manufacturing industry has been closed down in the so-called industrialised countries &#8211; as companies have taken their factories to the places with the cheapest labour and the most lax tax.</p>
<p>Wealth creation potential in developed countries has been destroyed. And it is for this reason that Western governments feel the urgent need to privatise everything, because their economies are collapsing internally, and public budgets may no longer be able to sustain current government spending.</p>
<p>However, privatisation doesn&#8217;t work for everything. It doesn&#8217;t work for health, education, water, public transport. The European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a vehicle to compensate for agricultural sectors than cannot make a profit. I would contend privatisation doesn&#8217;t work for the energy supply and distribution sector either &#8211; but for a special reason.</p>
<p>Normally, it is possible to run energy stations at a profit. The privatised sector inherited power stations and grid networks that were fully functioning, and the sales of power and Natural Gas were almost pure profit.</p>
<p>However, much energy plant needs to be lifecycled after decades of use &#8211; replacements are in order, and this demands heavy public investment, in the form of subsidies, or pricing controls, or tax breaks or some such financial aid, in order to avoid crippling the private companies.</p>
<p>Like the rail network, there is direct public investment in the power grids. This is to support new access for new energy plant. However, I think this doesn&#8217;t go far enough. I would argue that much more public tax-and-spend is required in the energy sector.</p>
<p>In future, most electricity generation needs to become low carbon and indigenous. The primary reason for this is the volatility of the globalised economy &#8211; it will no longer be possible to assume that imports of coal, Natural Gas and oil for power station combustion can be afforded &#8211; especially in economies like the United Kingdom, where much wealth creation has been destroyed by de-industrialisation.</p>
<p>It used to be easy to ignore this &#8211; as the North Sea was so productive in oil and Natural Gas that the UK was a net energy exporter. This is no longer the case.</p>
<p>To avoid the risk of national impoverishment, energy independence is dictated, spelled out by a deflating British economy and by the depleting North Sea reserves.</p>
<p>The easiest and fastest way to a power supply that is low carbon is by healthy investment in wind power and solar power. Yet with the turbulence in the global economy, spending on renewable energy has also been rocky. </p>
<p>Now is the time for the UK Government to stop tickling corporate underbellies to get them to invest in British energy, and to start collected tax revenues to spend explicitly on the energy revival.</p>
<p>It can be &#8220;matched&#8221; funding &#8211; the Renewables Obligation, for example, has drawn in massive levels of private investment into wind power. And the feed-in tariff scheme for solar photovoltaics had, until recently, been pulling in high levels of personal individual and private company investment. </p>
<p>This is the kind of public-private financing that works &#8211; create a slightly tilted playing field to tip the flow of money towards new energy investment, and watch the river flow.</p>
<p>Without public money ploughed into public infrastructure in non-profitable areas such as public transport and energy, private enterprise will not be able to make a contribution &#8211; they would quickly bankrupt themselves.</p>
<p>The result of capping public subsidies for renewable energy is a halt to renewable energy deployment. Those who resist wind farms are in effect destroying the country. Those who cap public subsidies for solar power want to break the nation.</p>
<p>We need socalist financing of new energy technology deployment, for the future wealth of our country.</p>
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		<title>Alchemic for the people</title>
		<link>http://www.joabbess.com/2012/01/02/alchemic-for-the-people/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joabbess.com/2012/01/02/alchemic-for-the-people/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Jan 2012 16:41:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Acid Ocean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alchemical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[British Biogas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Design Matters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Electrificandum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Energy Change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Energy Revival]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Engineering Marvel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Faithful God]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Freak Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Green Power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Major Shift]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marvellous Wonderful]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Non-Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Optimistic Generation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paradigm Shapeshifter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Realistic Models]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Renewable Gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Renewable Resource]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science Rules]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solar Sunrise]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solution City]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Technofix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Price of Gas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Price of Oil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toxic Hazard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unqualified Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wind of Fortune]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.joabbess.com/?p=12564</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I was less than a metre above current sea level, rooting about in the holy bookshelves of my Evangelical host, searching for a suitable title. I pulled out &#8220;Who Made God ?&#8221; from underneath a pile of books on their sides, letting the column slump downwards, alerting my companions to the fact that I had [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><TABLE><TR><TD><iframe width="400" height="300" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/IrTB-iiecqk" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></TD><TD>I was less than a metre above current sea level, rooting about in the holy bookshelves of my Evangelical host, searching for a suitable title.</p>
<p>I pulled out &#8220;<A HREF="http://whomadegod.org/">Who Made God ?</A>&#8221; from underneath a pile of books on their sides, letting the column slump downwards, alerting my companions to the fact that I had definitively made my choice for the evening&#8217;s reading.</p>
<p>We were treated to gentle Christmassy music for an hour or so as we all gave up talking to read by candlelight and compact fluorescent.<br />
</TD></TR><TR><TD COLSPAN="2">I didn&#8217;t read fast, as at first I didn&#8217;t have my newly-necessary reading glasses, and when I was encouraged to fetch them, the light was too dim to make reading easy. Those fashionable uplighters.</p>
<p>I read into the second part, and I had already formed in my mind several disagreements with the author, Professor Edgar Andrews, despite him having taken several good lines of reasoning and made some humourous points which I had duly responded to with a slight audible giggle.</p>
<p>I instinctively didn&#8217;t like his pitch about the impossibility of organic chemistry and I froze a little : personally I see no need for God&#8217;s personal, literal, physical intervention to make the ladders and spirals of genes &#8211; the DNA and RNA forming from the appropriate nucleotide bases &#8211; A, T, G, C.</p>
<p>And then the book&#8217;s author blew away his credibility, for me, at least, by getting bogged down in the absolutes of Physics, and ignoring Chemistry. He quoted the Laws of Thermodynamics, and claimed Entropy as proof that God doesn&#8217;t play dice because he&#8217;s in the garage playing mechanic. The direction of the universe, the arrow of time, plays towards randomness, the author of the book proclaimed. Order cannot come from inorganic matter &#8211; Life is the organising force.</p>
<p>At this, I took several forms of dispute, and immediately found in my mind the perfect counter-example &#8211; the formation of crystals from saturated solution &#8211; the building of the stalgamite and stalagtite from the sedimentary filtering of rainwater. Another example, I think, is chiral forms of molecular compounds &#8211; some chemicals behave in different ways if formed lefthandedly or righthandedly. The different forms behave predictably and consistently and this is an ordered behaviour that I believe &#8211; without the necessary university instruction in Chemistry &#8211; is an imposed denial of chaos.</p>
<p>In fact, the whole of Chemistry, its world of wonder in alchemy, I think points to a kind of natural negation of the Laws of Physics. There is the Micro World, where Newton, and more introspectively, Einstein, are correct in their theoretical pragmas. But in the Macro World, there is Chemistry, and there are precursor compounds to organic essentials. Life forms itself from dead stone. For a Physicist this is &#8220;just not cricket&#8221;, it is a whole new universe.</p>
<p>Why can Aluminium be used for containers in microwave ovens, but steel cannot ? And why is Aluminium so light ? Why does water expand when it freezes ? Here the Physicists can help out. But they cannot, when it comes to explaining, or even accurately predicting, all the chemical properties of alloys and compounds.</p>
<p>I have been pondering, in a crude, uneducated way, about industrial chemistry for the last couple of months. How large volume reactions are encouraged, catalysed. How fluids work. How gases breathe. My conclusion is that most chemical engineering is a bit brutish, like the workings of the internal combustion engine. Things are a tad forced. It is probably not possible for chemical engineers to replicate photosynthesis entirely &#8211; it&#8217;s too dainty for them. But that is the kind of chemistry we need to overcome our climate and energy problems.</p>
<p>We may not be able to match the leaves on the trees, but we can do gas chemistry  and electricity and semiconductor physics, and it is gas chemistry and electricity and semiconductor physics that will save the planet. Electricity to replace much fuel. Semiconductor physics to bypass photosynthesis. And Renewable Gas chemistry &#8211; engineering the chemical building blocks of the future and providing backup to the other green energies.<br />
</TD></TR></TABLE></p>
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		<title>2012 : Greenier and Peace-ier</title>
		<link>http://www.joabbess.com/2012/01/01/2012-greenier-and-peace-ier/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joabbess.com/2012/01/01/2012-greenier-and-peace-ier/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2012 16:26:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Assets not Liabilities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Babykillers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Burning Money]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Carbon Commodities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Demoticratica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Efficiency is King]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emissions Impossible]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Energy Revival]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Engineering Marvel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Environmental Howzat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evil Opposition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Foreign Interference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fossilised Fuels]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Freshwater Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Green Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Green Power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Nurture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hydrocarbon Hegemony]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Low Carbon Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Major Shift]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Military Invention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Energy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Not In My Name]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Optimistic Generation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peace not War]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Renewable Resource]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Resource Curse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Resource Wards]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solution City]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stop War]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Power of Intention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tree Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ungreen Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wasted Resource]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water Wars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Western Hedge]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.joabbess.com/?p=12554</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My dear family. They think I&#8217;m an environmentalist, a bit radical, a bit confrontational. So for a fun wintertime gift they bought me this lovely cloth tote(m) bag for grocery shopping. I think I might have failed to communicate myself clearly enough. Although I try to be frugal and efficient in my way of life, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><TABLE><TR><TD><A HREF="http://www.flickr.com/photos/veggie_love/4998568402/"><IMG SRC="http://www.changecollege.org.uk/img/Recycle_or_DIE.jpg" WIDTH="400" /></A></TD><TD>My dear family. </p>
<p>They think I&#8217;m an environmentalist, a bit radical, a bit confrontational.</p>
<p>So for a fun wintertime gift they bought me this lovely cloth tote(m) bag for grocery shopping.</p>
<p>I think I might have failed to communicate myself clearly enough.</p>
<p>Although I try to be frugal and efficient in my way of life, recycling is not my central agenda.<br />
</TD></TR><TR><TD COLSPAN="2"></p>
<p>I studied physics, but I don&#8217;t have a laboratory. The things that I believe need to be developed are technologies in the field of clean, green energy. I am an engineer without a workshop &#8211; although my home is now a power station.</p>
<p>Recycling is important, but reducing the use of resource materials is far more important.</p>
<p>Recycling is important, but energy waste is far more important. Digging things out of the ground and burning them in order to keep civilisation moving is the ultimate misuse of natural resources.</p>
<p>Recycling is important, but so are international relations, especially around the sourcing of commodities such as fossil fuels, rare metals, timber and freshwater.</p>
<p>The world needs to work together &#8211; to make friends, not invent enemies &#8211; even more so when those so-called opponents sit on vital energy resources.</p>
<p>May you have a year that is greener and has more peace.<br />
</TD></TR></TABLE></p>
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		<title>Urbanity, Durbanity</title>
		<link>http://www.joabbess.com/2011/12/12/urbanity-durbanity/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joabbess.com/2011/12/12/urbanity-durbanity/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Dec 2011 17:40:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Advancing Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contraction & Convergence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate Pressure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Deal Breakers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Delay and Deny]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Demoticratica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Direction of Travel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economic Implosion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emissions Impossible]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Energy Change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Energy Revival]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fair Balance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financiers of the Apocalypse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Foreign Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Freemarketeering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geogingerneering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Global Warming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Green Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Growth Paradigm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hydrocarbon Hegemony]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marvellous Wonderful]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peak Emissions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policy Warfare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Political Nightmare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Realistic Models]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Regulatory Ultimatum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Renewable Resource]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solution City]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainable Deferment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ungreen Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unutterably Useless]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Utter Futility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vain Hope]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vote Loser]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Western Hedge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zero Net]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.joabbess.com/?p=12506</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[People working for non-governmental, and governmental, organisations can be rather defensive when I criticise the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or UNFCCC. What ? I don&#8217;t back the international process ? Climate change, after all, is a borderless crime, and will take global policing. Well, I back negotiations for a global treaty in [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><TABLE WIDTH="650"><TR><TD><A HREF="http://www.gci.org.uk/Documents/Nature_Aubrey.pdf"><IMG SRC="http://www.ecobuild.co.uk/var/uploads/cache/video_thumbnails/10/ac33572fa458ffcbff9a55199a1d2f29/aubrey-meyer-zrq9ji5h.jpg" WIDTH="400" /></A></TD><TD>People working for non-governmental, and governmental, organisations can be rather defensive when I criticise the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or <A HREF="http://unfccc.int/2860.php">UNFCCC</A>. What ? I don&#8217;t back the international process ? Climate change, after all, is a borderless crime, and will take global policing. Well, I back negotiations for a global treaty in principle, but not in practice.</TD></TR><TR><TD COLSPAN="2"><br />
The annual wearisome jousting and filibustering events just before Christmas do not constitute for me a healthy, realistic programme of engagement, imbued with the full authority and support of global leadership structures and civil society. People can try to <A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/dec/11/durban-conference-climate-change">spin it and claim success</A>, but that&#8217;s just whitewash on an ungildable tomb.</p>
<p>The <A HREF="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/8949099/Durban-climate-change-the-agreement-explained.html">Climate Change talks</A> that have just taken place in Durban, South Africa, were exemplary of a peculiar kind of <A HREF="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16104633">collective madness</A> that has resulted from trying to navigate and massage endless special interests, national jostling, brinkmanship, unworkable and inappropriate proposals from economists, communications failures and corporate interference in governance.</p>
<p>The right people with real decisionmaking powers are not at the negotiating table. The organisations with most to contribute are still acting in opposition &#8211; that&#8217;s the energy industry, to be explicit. And the individual national governments are still not concerned enough about climate change, even though it impacts strongly on the things they do consider to be priorities &#8211; economic health, trade and political superiority.</p>
<p>Over 20 years ago, the debate on what to do to tackle global warming and still maintain good international relations was already won, by the commonsense approach of <A HREF="http://www.gci.org.uk/contconv/cc.html">Contraction and Convergence</A> &#8211; fair shares for all. Each country should count on their fair share of carbon emissions based on their population &#8211; and we would get there by starting from where we are now and agreeing mutual cuts. The big emitters would agree to steeper cuts than the lower emitters &#8211; and after some time, everybody in the world would have the same, safe emissions rights.</p>
<p>What has prevented this logical approach from being implemented ? Well, we have had the so-called &#8220;flexible mechanisms&#8221; pushed on us &#8211; such as the <A HREF="http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/mechanisms/clean_development_mechanism/items/2718.php">Clean Development Mechanism</A> which essentially boils down to the idea that the richer high-emitting countries can offset their carbon by paying for poorer low emissions countries to cut their carbon instead. Some have been attempting to make the CDM carbon credits into a commercial product for the Carbon Trading market. Some may contest it, but the CDM and carbon trading haven&#8217;t really been working very well, and anyway, the CDM doesn&#8217;t aim for emissions reductions, just offsets.</p>
<p>Other <A HREF="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/developmental-issues/carbon-trading-schemes-around-the-world/articleshow/10972466.cms">carbon trade</A> has been implemented, <A HREF="http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/07/11/greenbiz-us-carbon-schemes-idUKTRE76A2GJ20110711">such as</A> the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (<A HREF="http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/index_en.htm">EU ETS</A>), which doesn&#8217;t appear to have caused high emissions industries to diversify out of carbon, or created a viable price for carbon dioxide, so its usefulness is questionable.</p>
<p>Many people have put forward the idea of straight carbon pricing, mostly by taxation. The trouble with this idea should be obvious, but rarely is. Over four-fifths of the world&#8217;s energy is fossil fuel based. Taxing carbon emissions from the burning of fossil fuels would just make everything, everywhere, more expensive. It wouldn&#8217;t necessarily create new lower carbon energy resources, as the taxes would probably be put into a giant climate change adaptation fund &#8211; a financial institution proposed by several people including Oliver Tickell and Nicholas Stern, although in Stern&#8217;s case, he is calling for direct grants from countries to keep the fund topped up.</p>
<p>On the policy front, there has been a continuing, futile attempt to force the historially high-emitting countries to accept very radical carbon cuts, as a sign of accountability. This &#8220;grandfathering&#8221; of emissions responsibilities is something that no sane person in government in the richer nations could ever agree with, not even when being smothered with ethical guilt. One of the forms of this proposal is &#8220;<A HREF="http://gdrights.org/">Greenhouse Development Rights</A>&#8220;, essentially allowing countries like China to continue growing their emissions in order to grow their economies to guarantee development. The emissions cuts required by countries like the United States of America would be impossible to achieve, not even if their economy completely toppled.</p>
<p>Sadly, a number of charities, aid and development agencies and other non-governmental organisations with concern for the world&#8217;s poor, have signed up to Greenhouse Development Rights not realising it is completely untenable.</p>
<p>The only approach that can work, that both high- and low-emitting countries can ever possibly be made to agree on, is a system of population-proportional shares of the global carbon pie. And the way to get there has to be based on relative current emissions, ignoring the emissions of the past &#8211; your cuts should be larger if your current emissions are large. And it should be based on the relative size of the population, and their individual emissions rates, rather than taking a country as a whole. Yes, there will be room for a little carbon trade between nations, to enable the transfer of low carbon technologies from wealthy nations to un-resourced nations. Yes, there will be space for enterprise, as corporations have to face regulation to cut emissions, and will need innovation in technology to divest themselves of fossil fuel production and consumption.</p>
<p>This is <A HREF="http://www.gci.org.uk/briefings/ICE.pdf">Contraction and Convergence</A> &#8211; and you ignore it at our peril.</p>
<p>A few suggestions for further reading :-</p>
<p>&#8220;<A HREF="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Contraction-Convergence-Solution-Schumacher-Briefings/dp/1870098943">Contraction and Convergence The Global Solution to Climate Change</A>&#8221; by Aubrey Meyer. Schumacher Briefings, Green Books, December 2000. ISBN-13: 978-1870098946</p>
<p><A HREF="http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/TheGreenhouseEffectScienceAndPolicy.pdf">The Greenhouse Effect : Science and Policy&#8221;</A> by Professor Stephen H. Schneider, Science, Volume 243, Issue 4892, Pages 771 &#8211; 781, DOI: 10.1126/science.243.4892.771, 10 February 1989.<br />
<A HREF="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/243/4892/771.abstract">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/243/4892/771.abstract</A><br />
<A HREF="http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/TheGreenhouseEffectScienceAndPolicy.pdf">http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/</A><br />
<A HREF="http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/Publications.html">http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/Publications.html</A></p>
<p><A HREF="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Climate-Change-Science-Stephen-Schneider/dp/1597265667/ref=tmm_hrd_title_0">&#8220;Climate Change : Science and Policy</A>&#8220;, edited by Stephen H. Schneider, Armin Rosencranz, Michael D. Mastrandea and Kristin Kuntz-Duriseti. Island Press, 10 February 2010. ISBN-13: 978-1597265669</p>
<p><A HREF="http://www.ciesin.org/docs/003-085/003-085.html">&#8220;The Greenhouse Effect : Negotiating Targets&#8221;</A> by Professor Michael Grubb, <A HREF="http://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v18y1990i7p678-679.html">published</A> by the Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA) in London, 1990.</p>
<p><A HREF="http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/15-Ch15(393-408).pdf">&#8220;Equity, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Global Common Resources</A>&#8221; by Paul Baer, Chapter 15 in &#8220;<A HREF="http://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?BookId=10725&#038;detail=TOC">Climate Change Policy : A Survey</A>&#8221; by Stephen H. Schneider, Armin Rosencranz and John O. Niles, Island Press, 2002. ISBN-10: 1-55963-881-8 (Paper), ISBN-13: 978-1-55963-881-4 (Paper)</p>
<p>&#8220;<A HREF="">Kyoto 2 : How to Manage the Global Greenhouse</A>&#8221; by Oliver Tickell, ISBN-13: 978-1848130258, Zed Books Ltd, 25 July 2008<br />
<A HREF="http://www.kyoto2.org/">http://www.kyoto2.org/</A><br />
<A HREF="http://www.kyoto2.org/docs/the_land_1.pdf">http://www.kyoto2.org/docs/the_land_1.pdf</A></p>
<p></TD></TR></TABLE></p>
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		<title>Solar FIT to Bust #7</title>
		<link>http://www.joabbess.com/2011/11/17/solar-fit-to-bust-7/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joabbess.com/2011/11/17/solar-fit-to-bust-7/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Nov 2011 19:38:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Renewable Resource]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solar Sunrise]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wind of Fortune]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.joabbess.com/?p=12138</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here we go again &#8211; time to compare apples and oranges :- Ask Leo and Lucy So when will solar power attain &#8220;grid parity&#8221;, then ? Renewable electricity generation plant has to be paid for up-front, remember, whereupon it becomes a asset. Conversely, anything that burns coal, oil or Natural Gas remains a liability, despite [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><TABLE><TR><TD><A HREF="http://www.segen.co.uk/Installer/Product/3140/Sanyo_HIT_H_Series_PV_Panel_250W"><IMG SRC="http://www.changecollege.org.uk/img/12_Sanyo_250W_20111117.jpg" WIDTH="400" /></A></TD><TD>Here we go again &#8211; time to compare apples and oranges :-</p>
<p><A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/green-living-blog/2011/nov/17/solar-energy-electricity-grid-parity">Ask Leo and Lucy</A></p>
<p>So when will solar power attain &#8220;grid parity&#8221;, then ?</p>
<p>Renewable electricity generation plant has to be paid for up-front, remember, whereupon it becomes a asset. Conversely, anything that burns coal, oil or Natural Gas remains a liability, despite its ticket price and longevity, owing to the price of the fuel.</p>
<p></TD></TR><TR><TD COLSPAN="2"></p>
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		<title>Carbon Capture and Syngas</title>
		<link>http://www.joabbess.com/2011/11/16/carbon-capture-and-syngas/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joabbess.com/2011/11/16/carbon-capture-and-syngas/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Nov 2011 01:48:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bait & Switch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[British Biogas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Carbon Capture]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.joabbess.com/?p=12115</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Back in the 1970s they were expecting global cooling &#8211; of the economy. There were oil shocks and shocking prices, and petrochemists beavered away, sweating over test tubes the size of football fields, whisking up synthetic fuels. It was not the first time that the world had tried to synthesise liquid vehicle fuel. Hitler famously [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><A HREF="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2180rank.html"><IMG SRC="http://www.changecollege.org.uk/img/World_Gas_Production_Projection.png" WIDTH="650" /></A></p>
<p>Back in the 1970s they were expecting global cooling &#8211; of the economy. There were oil shocks and shocking prices, and petrochemists beavered away, sweating over test tubes the size of football fields, whisking up synthetic fuels.</p>
<p>It was not the first time that the world had tried to synthesise liquid vehicle fuel. Hitler famously did it during the Second World War, and had it not been for Bergius and Fischer-Tropsch, Nazi Germany would have collapsed much sooner under the anvil of global economic sanctions. I mean, the history books insist the multi-pronged military assault was responsible for the Victory in Europe, but the final push would never have succeeded without the suspension of energy trade.</p>
<p>Various syngas and synfuel projects have continued in various places, mostly America, and although the first plants used coal and Natural Gas to make other things, these days the emphasis is on biomass.</p>
<p>We can expect to see a dramatic rise in the amount of Biogas and Bio-syngas produced over the next few decades, along with renewably-sourced hydrogen. It will all get fed into the global syngas refineries, and out will pop power, vehicle fuel and chemistry.</p>
<p><span id="more-12115"></span>But as soon as Natural Gas peaks, and tighter gases like Shale Gas with it, we can expect to see pressure on geoengineering projects to run in reverse. You see, carbon-rich gases are essential for the operation of bio-refineries, and so it will pay to collect the waste gases from any power station. And if those gases have been stuffed underground, we can expect people to want to extract them again.</p>
<p>So, the oil, gas and coal companies have been pressuring governments, central banks and international bodies for funds to do Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) projects. And we&#8217;ve fallen for it &#8211; offering bailout money to the energy companies to allow them to continue to burn coal and capture the carbon and store it somewhere.</p>
<p>And then, in twenty or twenty-five years time, the oil, gas and coal companies will come back for public funding to extract the carbon dioxide out of the ground again, so that they can give us all &#8211; no, sell us all &#8211; lots of synthetic fuels, because the petroleum fossil oil will be significantly depleted by then.</p>
<p>Yet another reason not to publicly fund CCS, I&#8217;d say.</p>
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		<title>Solar FIT to Bust #5</title>
		<link>http://www.joabbess.com/2011/11/15/solar-fit-to-bust-5/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joabbess.com/2011/11/15/solar-fit-to-bust-5/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Nov 2011 12:11:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Babykillers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Be Prepared]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Big Number]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.joabbess.com/?p=12104</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Germany can do it, but not the British. The Collected Republic of the People can install solar power with great will and nerve, but not Johnny English. Let&#8217;s be clear here &#8211; the people in Scotland have a vision for future Renewable Energy, and so do many people in Wales and Ireland, but it appears [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><TABLE><TR><TD><iframe width="400" height="300" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/0tb7HLk9QlM" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></TD><TD>Germany can do it, but not the British. The <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Germany">Collected Republic</A> of <A HREF="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Dutch&#038;allowed_in_frame=0">the People</A> can install solar power with great will and nerve, but not Johnny English.</p>
<p>Let&#8217;s be clear here &#8211; the people in Scotland have a vision for future Renewable Energy, and so do many people in Wales and Ireland, but it appears English governance listens to fuddy duddy landowners too readily, and remains wedded to the fossil fuel industry and major construction projects like nuclear power, and carbon capture and storage.</TD></TR><TR><TD COLSPAN="2">What precisely is wrong with the heads of policy travel in Westminster ? Do they not understand the inevitable future of &#8220;conventional&#8221; energy &#8211; of decline, decimation and fall ?</p>
<p>It really is of no use <A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/nov/15/nuclear-renewables-schellnhuber">putting off investment in truly sustainable and renewable power and gas</A>. There are only two paths we can take in the next few decades, and their destination is the same.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s how it goes. Path A will take the United Kingdom into continued dodgy skirmishes in the Middle East and North Africa. Oil production will dance like a man with a stubbed toe, but then show its true gradient of decline. Once everybody gets over the panic of the impending lack of vehicle fuel, and the failure of alternatives like algal biodiesel, and the impacts of a vastly contracted liquid fuel supply on globalised trade, then we shall move on to the second phase &#8211; the exploitation of gas. At first, it will be Natural Gas. But that too will decline. And then it will be truly natural gases. As gas is exploited for vehicles, electricity will have to come from coal. But coal, too, is suffering a precipitous decline. So renewable energy will be our salvation. By the year 2100, the world will run on renewable electricity and renewable gas, or not at all.</p>
<p><span id="more-12104"></span>Meanwhile we will have had wars, rumours of wars, and just plain bomb-dropping, and lots of ancient civilisations will have bit the uranium-laced dust, and Scotland will have long since made a break for economic and political freedom. And we will have locked ourselves into dangerous climate change through our wanton burning of fossil fuels.</p>
<p>Path B &#8211; the logical long-term option and where we&#8217;re headed anyway &#8211; is to bypass climate change, bypass warfare and bypass idiocy and go straight to renewables. </p>
<p>But can the English Government work this out ? Can they see beyond their Cost Benefit Analyses and their short-termism and the calls to cut regulation and targets ? Can they imagine what life will be like in 30 years &#8211; and can they be made to be accountable to the future citizens of this country ?</p>
<p>We need to stimulate the development of renewable energy in the United Kingdom. It will take tax breaks, direct funding, subsidies. The Feed-in Tariff for solar power is essential in the current economic environment, to build a long-lasting electricity generation asset. If the British Government truly takes the prosperity of this country seriously, they need to plan for a significant deployment of renewable energy. We don&#8217;t know what the price of fossil fuels will be in five years time, ten years time. But we know that sunshine will always be free.</TD></TR></TABLE></p>
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		<title>Renewable Gas : Balanced Power</title>
		<link>http://www.joabbess.com/2011/11/05/renewable-gas-balanced-power/</link>
		<comments>http://www.joabbess.com/2011/11/05/renewable-gas-balanced-power/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Nov 2011 12:11:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bait & Switch]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.joabbess.com/?p=12039</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[People who know very little about renewable and sustainable energy continue to buzz like flies in the popular media. They don&#8217;t believe wind power economics can work. They don&#8217;t believe solar power can provide a genuine contribution to grid capacity. They don&#8217;t think marine power can achieve. They would rather have nuclear power. They would [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><A HREF="http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/biorefinery.html"><IMG SRC="http://www.changecollege.org.uk/img/Renewable_Gas_Refinery_and_Generation.png" WIDTH="650" /></A></p>
<p>People who know very little about renewable and sustainable energy continue to buzz like flies in the popular media. They don&#8217;t believe wind power economics can work. They don&#8217;t believe solar power can provide a genuine contribution to grid capacity. They don&#8217;t think marine power can achieve. They would rather have nuclear power. They would rather have environmentally-destructive new oil and gas drilling. They have friends and influence in Government. They have financial clout that enables them to keep disseminating their inaccuracies.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s time to ditch the pundits, innuendo artists and insinuators and consult the engineers.</p>
<p>Renewable Gas can stand in the gap &#8211; when the wind doesn&#8217;t blow or the sun doesn&#8217;t shine and the grid is not sufficiently widespread and interconnected enough to be able to call on other wind or solar elsewhere.</p>
<p>Renewable Gas is the storing of biologically-derived and renewably-created gases, and the improving of the gases, so that they can be used on-demand in a number of applications.</p>
<p>This field of chemical engineering is so old, yet so new, it doesn&#8217;t have a fixed language yet. </p>
<p>However, the basic chemistry, apart from dealing with contaminants, is very straight-forward.</p>
<p>When demand for grid electricity is low, renewable electricity can be used to make renewable hydrogen, from water via electrolysis, and in other ways. Underused grid capacity can also be used to methanate carbon-rich biologically-derived gas feedstocks &#8211; raising its stored energy.</p>
<p>Then when demand for grid electricity is high, renewable gas can be used to generate power, to fill the gap. And the flue gases from this combustion can be fed back into the gas storage.</p>
<p>Renewable gas can also be biorefined into vehicle fuels and other useful chemicals. This application is likely to be the most important in the short term.</p>
<p>In the medium-term, the power generation balance that renewable gas can offer is likely to be the most important application.</p>
<p>Researchers are working on optimising all aspects of renewable gas and biorefinery, and businesses are already starting to push towards production.</p>
<p>We can have a fully renewable energy future, and we will.</p>
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